IoT Framework Security Considerations

Overview

To design secure and protected IoT devices, security issues should be properly considered. One of the most important considerations is the development of a secure IoT framework for building the device. Ideally, a framework should be designed in a way that provides default security, so that the developers do not have to consider it later.

Security evaluation criteria for the IoT framework are broken down into four parts. Each part has its own security-related concerns that are discussed in the evaluation criteria for each part.

Framework Components

Edge

The edge is the main physical device in the IoT ecosystem that interacts with its surroundings and contains various components like sensors, actuators, operating systems, hardware and network, and communication capabilities. It is heterogeneous and can be deployed anywhere and in any condition.

Framework Requirements:

• Provide cross-platform components so that it can be deployed and work in any physical condition possible
• Proper communications and storage encryption
• No default credentials
• Strong passwords
• Use of the latest up-to-date components

Gateway

The gateway acts as the first step for an edge into the world of the Internet as it connects smart devices to cloud components. It is referred to as a communication aggregator that allows communication with a secure and trusted local network as well as a secure connection with an untrusted public network.

Security Role:

• Provides a layer of security to all the devices connected to it
• Serves as an aggregation point for the edge with crucial security importance

Framework Requirements:

• Strong encryption techniques for secure communications between endpoints
• Strong authentication mechanism for the edge components
• Multi-directional authentication for trusted communication between the edge and the cloud
• Automatic updates to counter vulnerabilities

Cloud Platform

In an IoT ecosystem, the cloud component is referred to as the central aggregation and data management point. Access to the cloud must be restricted. The cloud component is usually at higher risk, as it is the central point of data aggregation for most of the data in the ecosystem.

Components:

• Includes a command and control (C2) component, which is a centralized computer that issues various commands for the distribution of extensions and updates

Framework Requirements:

• Encrypted communications
• Strong authentication credentials
• Secure web interface
• Encrypted storage
• Automatic updates

Mobile Interface

In an IoT ecosystem, the mobile interface plays an important part, particularly where the data needs to be collected and managed. Using mobile interfaces, users can access and interact with the edge in their home or workplace from miles away.

Access Levels:

• Some mobile applications provide users with only limited data from specific edge devices
• Others allow complete manipulation of the edge components

Security Considerations:

• Prone to various cyber-attacks requiring proper attention

Framework Requirements:

• Proper authentication mechanism for the user
• Account lockout mechanism after a certain number of failed attempts
• Local storage security
• Encrypted communication channels
• Security of data transmitted over the channel

IoT Hardware Security Best Practices

1. Limit the entry points
2. Employ a hardware tamper protection mechanism
3. Secure authentication keys
4. Maintain a proper event logging mechanism
5. Monitor secure booting
6. Maintain a proper anti-malware protection system
7. Implement security patches
8. Protect device access credentials
9. Maintain a proper interface management system
10. Isolate devices from regular supply units
11. Avoid open access to the hardware unit
12. Implement a root-on-trust mechanism